Citation Guides
The discipline of History uses the Chicago Style for formatting footnotes and bibliographies. Below are several links to aid you in correctly formatting your citations.
Purdue Writing Center - Chicago Manual Style Citation Guide
Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide
How to Insert, Delete, or Edit Footnotes and Endnotes in MS Word
American Historical Association's Position on Plagiarism
Online Resources for Research
European History
"One of the best places to start for all time periods of European history. Extensive collection of primary sources and links to other sites. Browse by broad era (prehistory/ancient, medieval/renaissance, modern) or by country."
French Revolution Digital Archive
"A digital version of the key research sources of the French Revolution. The archive is based around two main resources, the Archives parlementaires and a vast corpus of images first brought together in 1989 and known as the Images de la Revolution française."
Hanover Historical Texts Collection
"Presents texts from ancient to modern times. Material touches on the Crusaders, Italian Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, French Revolution, and many other topics."
"HathiTrust is a partnership of academic & research institutions, offering a collection of millions of titles digitized from libraries around the world." This site provides online access to a number of primary and secondary sources through its various collections.
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution
"Large numbers of texts, images, maps and songs that document the French Revolution."
Nazi and East German Propaganda
"Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. The German Propaganda Archive includes both propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists."
"Selections documenting Spain's Second Republic (1931-1936), the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), and the post-War years of the 1940s."
"Collection of print and visual resources. Use limiters in left column to focus search on specific geography, date range, topic or type of resource."
Medieval and Early Modern Europe
"The Online Medieval Sources Bibliography provides detailed information about modern editions - both in print and online - of medieval primary sources."
Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH)
"The MGH is a project to edit and publish the sources and documents relevant to German history (and thus to much of Europe before 1000). This site is still being implemented and so is not fully functional, but some volumes are available digitally."
Universal Short Title Catalogue
"The USTC is a collective database of all books published between the invention of printing and the end of the sixteenth century."
British Isles
"British History Online is a digital library of key printed primary and secondary sources for the history of Britain and Ireland, with a primary focus on the period between 1300 and 1800."
Broadside Ballads Online at the Bodleian Library, Oxford University
"Broadside Ballads Online presents a digital collection of English printed ballad-sheets from between the 16th and 20th centuries, linked to other resources for the study of the English ballad tradition. This resource is maintained by the Bodleian Libraries and features the Bodleian's digital collections of ballads, with links to the English Broadside Ballad Archive’s digital presentations of pre-1800 ballads from other libraries, and to the folk song scholarship of the Roud Broadside Index, hosted by the English Folk Dance and Song Society."
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
"Texts that Irish literary and historical culture, from the medieval period to the 20th century."
Charles Booth and the Survey into Life and Labour in London (1886-1903)
"Charles Booth's Inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People in London, undertaken between 1886 and 1903 was one of several surveys of working class life carried out in the 19th century. It is the only survey for which the original notes and data have survived and therefore provides a unique insight into the development of the philosophy and methodology of social investigation in the United Kingdom."
"Connected Histories brings together a range of digital resources related to early modern and nineteenth century Britain with a single federated search that allows sophisticated searching of names, places and dates, as well as the ability to save, connect and share resources within a personal workspace."
Dying Speeches and Bloody Murders: Crime Broadsides at Harvard University Library
"The Library's collection of more than 500 broadsides is one of the largest recorded and the first to be digitized in its entirety. The examples digitized here span the years 1707 to 1891 and include accounts of executions for such crimes as arson, assault, counterfeiting, horse stealing, murder, rape, robbery, and treason. Many of the broadsides vividly describe the results of sentences handed down at London's central criminal court, the Old Bailey."
"Published between 1473 and 1800 mainly, but not exclusively, in English in the British Isles and North America"
The History of Crime and Punishment in Britain 1790-1870
"Glasgow University Library Special Collections has a considerable holding of eighteenth and nineteenth-century broadsheets and chapbooks (pamphlet-type publications) featuring crime and criminals."
Internet Library of Early Journals
"Digital editions of six 18th- and 19th-century journals: Gentleman's Magazine, The Annual Register, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Notes and Queries, The Builder, and Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine."
"This website allows you to search a wide body of digital resources relating to early modern and eighteenth-century London, and to map the results on to a fully GIS compliant version of John Rocque's 1746 map. Records of crime, poor relief, taxation, elections, local administration, plague deaths and archaeological finds can all be searched and mapped on this site."
"London Lives makes available, in a fully digitised and searchable form, a wide range of primary sources about eighteenth-century London, with a particular focus on plebeian Londoners. This resource includes over 240,000 manuscript and printed pages from eight London archives and is supplemented by fifteen datasets created by other projects. It provides access to historical records containing over 3.35 million name instances. Facilities are provided to allow users to link together records relating to the same individual, and to compile biographies of the best documented individuals."
"The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913. A fully searchable edition of the largest body of texts detailing the lives of non-elite people ever published, containing 197,745 criminal trials held at London's central criminal court."
The Stuart Successions Project
"The Stuart Successions Database is the central, open-access output from a four-year research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. Led by researchers from the universities of Exeter and Oxford, The Stuart Successions Project aimed to identify and interpret the wealth of material published in response to each of the six Stuart successions: i.e. those of James VI and I (1603), Charles I (1625), Charles II (1660), James II (1685), William III and Mary II (1688-89), and Anne (1702). In the interests of establishing a more complete picture of the period, the project also covered the accessions to the role of Lord Protector of Oliver Cromwell (1653) and his son Richard (1658)."
"You will find articles on the history of Bethnal Green, Bow, Bromley-by-Bow, the Isle of Dogs, Limehouse, Mile End Old Town, Poplar, Ratcliff, St. George's in the East, Shadwell, Spitalfields, Stepney, Wapping, Whitechapel - or any of the other hamlets that make up the London Borough of Tower Hamlets."
Vision of Britain Through Time
"Provides a geographical survey of Britain from 1801 to 2001, including census reports, historical maps, election results, and full texts of British travel writing."
"This site is dedicated to primary sources about the workhouse (primarily of Victorian Britain) -- its buildings, inmates, staff and administrators, even its poets -- a mixture of architecture, economics, social history, politics, and literature."
Women and Gender
Cornell University Library’s Witchcraft Collection
"An online selection of 104 English language books from the Witchcraft Collection is available to search, browse by title or browse by author. These titles were digitally scanned from microfilm by Primary Source Media in 1998. The resulting full text scans were later made available to Cornell University Library to enable free public access."
Discovering American Women's History Online
"This database provides access to digital collections of primary sources (photos, letters, diaries, artifacts, etc.) that document the history of women in the United States. These diverse collections range from Ancestral Pueblo pottery to interviews with women engineers from the 1970s."
"Documents, images and selected writings of an early advocate of free speech, birth control, women's equality and independence, and union organization."
Epistolae: Medieval Women's Letters
"A collection of letters to and from women in the Middle Ages, from the 4th to the 13th century. The letters, written in Latin, are linked to the names of the women involved, with English translations and, where available, biographical sketches of the women and some description of the subject matter or the historic context of the letter."
Gifts of Speech: Women's Speeches from Around the World
"Outstanding collection of 400+ speeches from influential women, dating from 1848-present."
HEARTH: Home Economics Archive
"HEARTH is a core electronic collection of books and journals in Home Economics and related disciplines. Titles published between 1850 and 1950 were selected and ranked by teams of scholars for their great historical importance. The first phase of this project focused on books published between 1850 and 1925 and a small number of journals. Future phases of the project will include books published between 1926 and 1950, as well as additional journals. The full text of these materials, as well as bibliographies and essays on the wide array of subjects relating to Home Economics, are all freely accessible on this site. This is the first time a collection of this scale and scope has been made available."
Internet Medieval Sourcebook: Sex and Gender
"Medieval texts that illustrate gender roles, the constructs of sex and gender, and married life."
"A scholarly resource for the study of women's religious communities from 400 to 1600 CE"
Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive
Sex, Society and Medieval Women by N. M. Heckel
"Lengthy narrative that links to several primary source selections."
Studies in Scarlet: Marriage & Sexuality in the U.S. & U.K., 1815-1914
"Presents the images of over 420 trial narratives. Included are a number of trials of the wealthy and renowned such as an account of the adultery trial of Caroline, Queen Consort of George IV, [and] the sodomy trial of Oscar Wilde... The larger part of the collection, however, consists of the stories of ordinary men and women thrust into the public eye when their marriages and love affairs went wrong or their relationships did not conform to social standards."
A site providing digital access to more than 200 primary sources about women.
"Access to digitized books, manuscripts and images from the collections of Harvard University Libraries and Museums on women in the U.S. economy from 1870-1930. Searchable, or browsable by topic, individual, dates and events, or organization."