The reference list at the end of the paper provides the information necessary to identify and retrieve each source. Only sources identified in the in-text citation should appear in the reference list and are listed alphabetically by the last name of the first author. Each entry usually contains the name of author, year of publication, title, and publishing data. The reference list must be double-spaced, and entries should have a hanging indent.

A Book by One Author

Rodriguez, R. (1982). A hunger of memory: The education of Richard

Rodriguez. Boston: Godine.

A Book with Two or More Authors

Nesselroade, J. R., & Baltes, P. B. (1979). Longitudinal research

in the study of behavioral development. New York: Academic Press.

A Book with a Corporate Author

Lorenz Research, Inc. (1997). Research in social studies teaching.

Baltimore: Arrow Books.

A Book with No Author or Editor

Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1997).

Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

An Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

Paykel, E. S. (1974). Life stress and psychiatric disorder:

Applications of the clinical approach. In B. S. Dohrenwend & B.

P. Dohrenwend (Eds.), Stressful life events: Their nature and

effects (pp. 239-264). New York: Wiley.

A Government Publication

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in

serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679).

Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.

An Interview

Since a reference list includes only references that document the article and provide recoverable data, do not include personal communications. Instead, cite personal communications only in text.

T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)

(V. G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998)

A Videotape, Recording, or Other Audiovisual Source

Spielberg. S. (Director). (1993). Schindler’s list [Motion picture].

Los Angeles: Viacom.

Siberry, J. (1995). Caravan. On Maria [CD]. Burbank, CA: Reprise.

Periodicals: Journals, magazines, newspapers

An Article in a Journal with Continuous Pagination Throughout the Annual Volume

Emery, R. E. (1992). Marital turmoil: Interpersonal conflict and

the children of divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330.

An Article in a Journal that Pages Issues Separately

Dacey, J. (1998). Management participation in corporate buy-outs.

Management Perspectives, 7(4), 20-31.

An Article in a Magazine

Van Gelder, L. (1986, December). Countdown to motherhood: When

should you have a baby? Ms., 37-39.

An Article in a Newspaper

Lewis, P. H. (1999, January 21). Many updates cause profitable

confusion. The New York Times, pp. D1, D5.

Electronic and Internet Sources

Internet Article Based on a Print Source

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements

in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates

[Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-

123.

If you are referencing an online article that you have reason to believe has been changed or that includes additional data or commentaries, you will need to add the date you retrieved the document and the URL. Articles accessed through EBSCOHost don’t change and should be included in the reference list using the format above.

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements

in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates.

Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117–123. Retrieved

October 13, 2001, from http://jbr.org/articles.html

U.S. Government Report Available on Government Agency Web Site, No Publication Date Indicated

United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). 1997 sourcebook of

federal sentencing statistics. Retrieved December 8, 1999, from

http://www.ussc.gov/annrpt/1997/sbtoc97.htm

E-mail

E-mail sent from one individual to another should be cited as a personal communication, which is not listed as part of the reference list.

Daily Newspaper Article, Electronic Version Available by Search

Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most

people flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000,

from http://www.nytimes.com

Report From a Private Organization, Available on Organization Web Site

Canarie, Inc. (1997, September 27). Towards a Canadian health IWAY:

Vision, opportunities and future steps. Retrieved November 8,

2000, from http://www.canarie.ca/press/publications/pdf/health/

healthvision.doc


General Format \| References List \| Sample Pages	Study Skills Writing Skills Writing Competency II Portfolio Types of Writing Documentation Styles Prewriting Techniques Research Papers Common Sentence Problems Common Punctuation Problems Common Writing Problems Disability Resources National Tests Grad School Tests Scholarships
APA - References The reference list at the end of the paper provides the information necessary to identify and retrieve each source. Only sources identified in the in-text citation should appear in the reference list and are listed alphabetically by the last name of the first author. Each entry usually contains the name of author, year of publication, title, and publishing data. The reference list must be double-spaced, and entries should have a hanging indent. A Book by One Author Rodriguez, R. (1982). A hunger of memory: The education of Richard Rodriguez. Boston: Godine. A Book with Two or More Authors Nesselroade, J. R., & Baltes, P. B. (1979). Longitudinal research in the study of behavioral development. New York: Academic Press. A Book with a Corporate Author Lorenz Research, Inc. (1997). Research in social studies teaching. Baltimore: Arrow Books. A Book with No Author or Editor Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1997). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. An Article or Chapter in an Edited Book Paykel, E. S. (1974). Life stress and psychiatric disorder: Applications of the clinical approach. In B. S. Dohrenwend & B. P. Dohrenwend (Eds.), Stressful life events: Their nature and effects (pp. 239-264). New York: Wiley. A Government Publication National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office. An Interview Since a reference list includes only references that document the article and provide recoverable data, do not include personal communications. Instead, cite personal communications only in text. T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001) (V. G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998) A Videotape, Recording, or Other Audiovisual Source Spielberg. S. (Director). (1993). Schindler’s list [Motion picture]. Los Angeles: Viacom. Siberry, J. (1995). Caravan. On Maria [CD]. Burbank, CA: Reprise. Periodicals: Journals, magazines, newspapers An Article in a Journal with Continuous Pagination Throughout the Annual Volume Emery, R. E. (1992). Marital turmoil: Interpersonal conflict and the children of divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330. An Article in a Journal that Pages Issues Separately Dacey, J. (1998). Management participation in corporate buy-outs. Management Perspectives, 7(4), 20-31. An Article in a Magazine Van Gelder, L. (1986, December). Countdown to motherhood: When should you have a baby? Ms., 37-39. An Article in a Newspaper Lewis, P. H. (1999, January 21). Many updates cause profitable confusion. The New York Times, pp. D1, D5. Electronic and Internet Sources Internet Article Based on a Print Source VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117- 123. If you are referencing an online article that you have reason to believe has been changed or that includes additional data or commentaries, you will need to add the date you retrieved the document and the URL. Articles accessed through EBSCOHost don’t change and should be included in the reference list using the format above. VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117–123. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from http://jbr.org/articles.html U.S. Government Report Available on Government Agency Web Site, No Publication Date Indicated United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). 1997 sourcebook of federal sentencing statistics. Retrieved December 8, 1999, from http://www.ussc.gov/annrpt/1997/sbtoc97.htm E-mail E-mail sent from one individual to another should be cited as a personal communication, which is not listed as part of the reference list. Daily Newspaper Article, Electronic Version Available by Search Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from http://www.nytimes.com Report From a Private Organization, Available on Organization Web Site Canarie, Inc. (1997, September 27). Towards a Canadian health IWAY: Vision, opportunities and future steps. Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www.canarie.ca/press/publications/pdf/health/ healthvision.doc
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